Ingilazi inokudlulisa okuhle nokusebenza kokudlulisa ukukhanya, ukuzinza okuphezulu kwamakhemikhali, futhi ingathola amandla aqinile emishini kanye nomthelela wokuvikela ukushisa ngokwezindlela ezihlukene zokucubungula.Ingakwazi ngisho nokwenza ingilazi ishintshe umbala ngokuzimela futhi ihlukanise ukukhanya okudlulele, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziswa kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene.Le ndatshana ixoxa ngokuyinhloko ngenqubo yokukhiqiza amabhodlela engilazi.
Yiqiniso, kunezizathu zokukhetha ingilazi ukwenza amabhodlela eziphuzo, okuyinto futhi inzuzo yamabhodlela engilazi.Izinto eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwamabhodlela engilazi ziyi-ores yemvelo, i-quartzite, i-caustic soda, i-limestone, njll. Amabhodlela e-Glass anokukhanya okuphezulu futhi ukumelana nokugqwala, futhi ngeke kuguqule izinto ezibonakalayo lapho kuxhunywana namakhemikhali amaningi.Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ilula, ukumodela kumahhala futhi kuyashintsha, ubulukhuni bukhulu, ukumelana nokushisa, kuhlanzekile, kulula ukukuhlanza, futhi kungasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe.Njengempahla yokupakisha, amabhodlela engilazi asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukudla, amafutha, utshwala, iziphuzo, ama-condiments, izimonyo kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ewuketshezi nokunye.
Ibhodlela lengilazi lenziwe ngezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi zezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko, njenge-quartz powder, i-limestone, i-soda ash, i-dolomite, i-feldspar, i-boric acid, i-barium sulfate, i-mirabilite, i-zinc oxide, i-potassium carbonate nengilazi ephukile.Kuyisitsha esenziwe ngokuncibilika nokubunjwa ku-1600 ℃.Ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amabhodlela engilazi ahlukene ngokwezibunjwa ezihlukahlukene.Ngenxa yokuthi kwakheka ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayinambitheki.Yisitsha esikhulu sokupakisha sezimboni zokudla, imithi kanye namakhemikhali.Okulandelayo, kuzokwethulwa ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwento ngayinye.
Impushana yequartz: Iyiminerali eqinile, engagugi futhi ezinzile kumakhemikhali.Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yamaminerali i-quartz, futhi ingxenye yayo yamakhemikhali eyinhloko i-SiO2.Umbala wesihlabathi se-quartz umhlophe qhwa, noma awunambala futhi uguquguqukayo.Ubulukhuni bayo buyi-7. Ishwabene futhi ayinawo ama-cleavage.Inegobolondo elifana nokuphuka.Inokukhanya kwamafutha.Ukuminyana kwayo kungama-2.65.Ukuminyana kwayo ngobuningi (20-200 mesh ingu-1.5).Amakhemikhali ayo, izinto ezishisayo kanye nemishini zine-anisotropy esobala, futhi ayincibiliki ku-asidi, Incibilika ku-NaOH ne-KOH isixazululo samanzi esingaphezu kuka-160 ℃, nendawo yokuncibilika engu-1650 ℃.Isihlabathi se-quartz siwumkhiqizo okusanhlamvu kwawo okusanhlamvu ngokuvamile ku-seve ye-120 mesh ngemva kokuba itshe le-quartz elimbiwe emayini selicutshunguliwe.Umkhiqizo odlula i-120 mesh sieve ubizwa ngokuthi i-quartz powder.Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko: izinto zokuhlunga, ingilazi yezinga eliphezulu, imikhiqizo yengilazi, izinto eziphikisayo, amatshe ancibilikayo, ukubunjwa okunembayo, ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi, izinto zokugaya amasondo.
I-limestone: I-calcium carbonate iyingxenye eyinhloko ye-limestone, futhi i-limestone yiyona nto eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ingilazi.Umcako kanye ne-limestone kusetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zokwakha futhi kuyizinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi.I-calcium carbonate ingacutshungulwa ngokuqondile ibe yitshe futhi ishiswe ibe yi-quicklime.
Umlotha we-soda: enye yezinto ezibalulekile zamakhemikhali asetshenziswayo, isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ekhanyayo, embonini yamakhemikhali yansuku zonke, izinto zokwakha, imboni yamakhemikhali, imboni yokudla, i-metallurgy, indwangu, i-petroleum, ukuvikela kazwelonke, umuthi kanye neminye imikhakha, kanye naseku imikhakha yezithombe nokuhlaziya.Emkhakheni wezinto zokwakha, imboni yengilazi ingumthengi omkhulu wesoda ash, amathani angu-0.2 omlotha wesoda odliwe ithani ngalinye lengilazi.
I-boric acid: ikristalu empushana emhlophe noma ikristalu ye-axial scale ye-triclinic, enomuzwa obushelelezi futhi engenaphunga.Incibilika emanzini, utshwala, i-glycerin, i-ether kanye namafutha e-essence, isixazululo esinamanzi sine-asidi ebuthakathaka.Isetshenziswa kabanzi engilazini (ingilazi ye-optical, ingilazi engamelana ne-asidi, ingilazi engashisi, kanye ne-fiber yengilazi yezinto zokuvikela ukushisa) embonini, engathuthukisa ukumelana nokushisa nokucaca kwemikhiqizo yengilazi, ithuthukise amandla emishini, futhi inciphise isikhathi sokuncibilika. .Usawoti we-Glauber uhlanganiswe ikakhulukazi ne-sodium sulfate Na2SO4, okuwumthako ongavuthiwe wokwethula i-Na2O.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqeda i-SiO2 scum futhi isebenza njengesicacisi.
Abanye abakhiqizi bangeza futhi i-cullet kule ngxube.Abanye abakhiqizi bazophinda basebenzise ingilazi ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imfucuza enqubweni yokukhiqiza noma imfucuza esikhungweni sokugaywa kabusha, amaphawundi angu-1300 esihlabathi, amaphawundi angu-410 wesoda ash kanye no-380 amakhilogremu e-limestone angagcinwa ngethani ngalinye lengilazi eligaywe kabusha.Lokhu kuzokonga izindleko zokukhiqiza, konga izindleko namandla, ukuze amakhasimende akwazi ukuthola amanani ezomnotho emikhiqizweni yethu.
Ngemuva kokuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa sezilungile, inqubo yokukhiqiza izoqala.Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuncibilikisa impahla eluhlaza yebhodlela lengilazi esithandweni, Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye ne-cullet zincibilika ngokuqhubekayo ekushiseni okuphezulu.Cishe ngo-1650 ° C, isithando somlilo sisebenza amahora angu-24 ngosuku, futhi ingxube yempahla eluhlaza yakha ingilazi encibilikisiwe cishe amahora angu-24 ngosuku.Ingilazi encibilikisiwe idlula.Khona-ke, ekupheleni kwesiteshi sezinto ezibonakalayo, ukugeleza kwengilazi kusikwa kube amabhlogo ngokwesisindo, futhi izinga lokushisa lisethwe ngokunembile.
Kukhona futhi nezinyathelo zokuphepha lapho usebenzisa isithando somlilo.Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ukujiya kongqimba lwempahla eluhlaza yechibi elincibilikisiwe kufanele livalwe.Uma kwenzeka ukuvuza kwezinto, nqamula ugesi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Ngaphambi kokuba ingilazi encibilikisiwe igeleze. ngaphandle kwesiteshi sokuphakelayo, idivayisi yokubeka phansi ivikela i-voltage yengilazi encibilikisiwe phansi ukuze yenze ingilazi encibilikisiwe ingashajwa.Indlela evamile iwukufaka i-molybdenum electrode engilazini encibilikisiwe futhi ugaye i-electrode ye-molybdenum ukuze uvikele i-voltage engilazini encibilikisiwe yesango.Qaphela ukuthi ubude be-electrode ye-molybdenum efakwe engilazini encibilikisiwe bukhulu kuno-1/2 wobubanzi bomgijimi. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwamandla nokudluliswa kwamandla, umqhubi ophambi kwesithando somlilo kufanele aziswe kusengaphambili ukuze ahlole izinto zikagesi. (njengesistimu ye-electrode) kanye nezimo ezizungezile zemishini kanye.Ukudluliswa kwamandla kungenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba ingekho inkinga. Esimeni esiphuthumayo noma ingozi engase isongele kakhulu ukuphepha komuntu siqu noma ukuphepha kwemishini endaweni encibilikayo, umqhubi kufanele acindezele ngokushesha "inkinobho yokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo" ukuze acime ugesi. ukunikezwa kwesithando somlilo sikagesi sonke.Amathuluzi okulinganisa ukujiya kwesendlalelo sempahla eluhlaza endaweni yokufaka okuphakelayo kufanele anikezwe izinyathelo zokushisa ezishisayo.Ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwesithando somlilo sikagesi sesithando somlilo sengilazi, umqhubi wesithando somlilo kufanele ahlole i-electrode. uhlelo lwamanzi oluthambile kanye ngehora futhi ngokushesha ubhekane nokunqanyulwa kwamanzi kuma-electrode angawodwana. Uma kwenzeka ingozi yokuvuza kwempahla esithandweni sikagesi sesithando somlilo sengilazi, ugesi uzonqanyulwa ngokushesha, futhi ukuvuza kwempahla kuyofafazwa ngokuphezulu. -cindezela ipayipi lamanzi ngokushesha ukuze kuqiniswe ingilazi ewuketshezi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umholi osemsebenzini uzokwaziswa ngokushesha.Uma ukwehluleka kwamandla esithandweni seglasi kudlula imizuzu emi-5, ichibi elincibilikisiwe kufanele lisebenze ngokuvumelana nemithetho yokuhluleka kwamandla.Lapho uhlelo lokupholisa amanzi kanye nohlelo lokupholisa umoya lunikeza i-alamu. , kufanele kuthunyelwe othile ukuze aphenye nge-alamu ngokushesha futhi abhekane nayo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Isinyathelo sesibili ukubumba ibhodlela lengilazi.Inqubo yokwenza amabhodlela engilazi nezimbiza ibhekisela ochungechungeni lwezinhlanganisela zesenzo (okuhlanganisa imishini, i-electronic, njll.) ephindaphindiwe ngokulandelana kwezinhlelo ezinikeziwe, ngenhloso yokukhiqiza ibhodlela. kanye nembiza enomumo othize njengoba kulindelekile.Njengamanje, kunezinqubo ezimbili eziyinhloko ekukhiqizeni amabhodlela engilazi nezimbiza: indlela yokuphefumula yomlomo omncane webhodlela kanye nendlela yokucindezela ingcindezi yamabhodlela amakhulu nezimbiza. I-shear blade ekushiseni kwayo kwempahla (1050-1200 ℃) ukuze yakhe amaconsi engilazi ayi-cylindrical, Ibizwa ngokuthi "ukwehla kwezinto ezibonakalayo".Isisindo sokwehla kwezinto kwanele ukukhiqiza ibhodlela.Zombili izinqubo ziqala kusukela ekugundweni koketshezi lwengilazi, okokusebenza kwehlela ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi, bese kungena isikhunta sokuqala ngomkhombe wezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nomkhombe wokujika.Khona-ke isikhunta sokuqala sivalwa ngokuqinile futhi sivalwe "yi-bulkhead" phezulu.Enqubweni yokuphefumula, ingilazi iqale iphushwe umoya ocindezelweyo odlula ku-bulkhead, ukuze ingilazi efashini yakheke;Khona-ke umgogodla wehla kancane, futhi umoya ocindezelwe odlula igebe endaweni eyinhloko unweba ingilazi ekhishwe kusukela phansi kuya phezulu ukuze ugcwalise isikhunta sokuqala.Ngokuphephetha okunjalo kwengilazi, ingilazi izokwakha ukwakheka okungenalutho okwakhiwe ngaphambili, futhi enqubweni elandelayo, izoshaywa umoya ocindezelwe futhi esigabeni sesibili ukuze ithole ukuma kokugcina.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhodlela engilazi nezimbiza kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: esigabeni sokuqala, yonke imininingwane yesikhunta somlomo iyakhiwa, futhi umlomo oqediwe uhlanganisa ukuvulwa kwangaphakathi, kodwa ukwakheka komzimba okuyinhloko komkhiqizo wengilazi kuyoba. incane kakhulu kunosayizi wayo wokugcina.Le mikhiqizo yengilazi eyakhiwe kancane ibizwa ngokuthi i-parison.Emzuzwini olandelayo, zizoshaywa zibe yisimo sebhodlela lokugcina.Kusuka ku-engeli yesenzo somshini, idayizi kanye nengqikithi kwenza isikhala esivaliwe ngezansi.Ngemuva kokuthi idayi igcwaliswe ngengilazi (emva kokubhakuzisa), umongo uhlehliswa kancane ukuze kuthambise ingilazi uma ithinta umongo.Khona-ke umoya ocindezelwe (ukuphehla okuhlanekezela) ukusuka phansi ukuya phezulu udlula igebe elingaphansi komgogodla ukuze wakhe isonto.Khona-ke i-bulkhead iphakama, isikhunta sokuqala sivuliwe, futhi ingalo ephendukayo, kanye ne-die kanye ne-parison, iphendulelwa ohlangothini lokubumba.Lapho ingalo ephendukayo ifinyelela phezulu kwesikhunta, isikhunta ezinhlangothini zombili sizovalwa futhi eboshiwe ukuze asonge isonto.Ifa lizovuleka kancane ukuze likhulule ijele;Khona-ke ingalo ephendukayo izobuyela ohlangothini lwesikhunta sokuqala futhi ilinde umzuliswano olandelayo wesenzo.Ikhanda eliphephukayo lehlela phezulu kwesikhunta, umoya ocindezelwe uthululelwa egcekeni ukusuka maphakathi, bese ingilazi ekhuphukile inwebeke esikhunjeni ukuze yenze isimo sokugcina sebhodlela. kwakhiwa umoya ocindezelwe, kodwa ngokukhipha ingilazi endaweni evalekile yesikhunta esiyinhloko esinomgogodla omude.Ukugumbuqela okulandelayo kanye nokwakheka kokugcina kuhambisana nendlela yokufutha.Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhodlela lizoboshelwa ngaphandle kwesikhunta bese libekwa epuleti lesitobhi sebhodlela elinomoya opholisa phansi osuka phansi uye phezulu, lilinde ukuthi ibhodlela lidonswe futhi lihanjiswe enqubweni yokudonsa.
Isinyathelo sokugcina ukuthungatha inqubo yokukhiqiza ibhodlela lengilazi.Ngaphandle kwenqubo, ingaphezulu leziqukathi zengilazi ezishaywayo ngokuvamile zimbozwa ngemva kokubunjwa.
Uma zisashisa kakhulu, ukuze kwenziwe amabhodlela namathini amelane kakhulu nokuklwejwa, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hot end surface treatment, bese amabhodlela engilazi ayiswa esithandweni somlilo, lapho izinga lokushisa lawo liphindela ku-815 ° C, bese kuthi-ke. iyancipha kancane kancane ibe ngaphansi kuka-480 ° C. Lokhu kuzothatha cishe amahora ama-2.Lokhu kushisa kabusha nokupholisa kancane kuqeda ukucindezela esitsheni.Izothuthukisa ukuqina kweziqukathi zengilazi ezakhiwe ngokwemvelo.Uma kungenjalo, ingilazi kulula ukuqhekeka.
Kukhona futhi nezindaba eziningi ezidinga ukunakwa ngesikhathi sokukhipha isisu. Umehluko wokushisa wesithando somlilo ngokuvamile awulingani.Izinga lokushisa lesigaba sesithando somlilo semikhiqizo yengilazi ngokuvamile liphansi eduze kwezinhlangothi ezimbili futhi libe phezulu phakathi nendawo, okwenza izinga lokushisa lemikhiqizo lingalingani, ikakhulukazi esithandweni somlilo sohlobo lwegumbi.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho iklama ijika, ifekthri yebhodlela lengilazi kufanele ithathe inani eliphansi kunengcindezi yangempela evunyelwe yaphakade yezinga lokupholisa elihamba kancane, futhi ngokuvamile ithatha uhhafu wengcindezi evunyelwe ukubala.Inani lokucindezeleka elivumelekile lemikhiqizo evamile lingaba ngu-5 kuya ku-10 nm/cm.Izici ezithinta umehluko wezinga lokushisa lesithando somlilo kufanele zicatshangelwe uma kunqunywa isivinini sokushisisa kanye nesivinini sokupholisa ngokushesha.Enqubweni yangempela yokudonsa, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinga lokushisa esithandweni somlilo kufanele kuhlolwe njalo.Uma umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa utholakala, kufanele ulungiswe ngesikhathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemikhiqizo ye-glassware, izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo ngokuvamile zikhiqizwa ngesikhathi esifanayo.Lapho kufakwa imikhiqizo esithandweni somlilo, eminye imikhiqizo ewugqinsi yodonga ibekwa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme esithandweni somlilo, kuyilapho imikhiqizo eludongeni emincane ingase ibekwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi, asiza ekuhoxisweni kwemikhiqizo yodonga oluwugqinsi.Inkinga yokwanda kodonga oluqinile oluhlukene imikhiqizo Izingqimba zangaphakathi nangaphandle zemikhiqizo yodonga oluwugqinsi zizinzile.Ngaphakathi kwebanga elibuyayo, izinga lokushisa lokufakwa liphezulu lemikhiqizo yodonga oluwugqinsi, kulapho ukukhululeka kwengcindezi ye-thermoelastic lapho kupholisa kushesha khona, futhi kukhulu ukucindezeleka okungapheli kwemikhiqizo.Ingcindezi yemikhiqizo enomumo oyinkimbinkimbi kulula ukugxilisa ingqondo [njengamazansi aminyene, ama-engeli angakwesokudla kanye nemikhiqizo enezibambo], njengemikhiqizo ewugqinsi yodonga, izinga lokushisa lokuvikela kufanele libe phansi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi isivinini sokushisisa nokupholisa kufanele sihambe kancane.I-Annealing Inkinga yezinhlobo ezahlukene zengilazi Uma imikhiqizo yebhodlela lengilazi enamakhemikhali ahlukene ifakwa esithandweni somlilo esifanayo, ingilazi enezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-annealing kufanele ikhethwe njengezinga lokushisa lokulondoloza ukushisa, futhi indlela yokwelula isikhathi sokugcina ukushisa kufanele yamukelwe. , ukuze imikhiqizo enamazinga okushisa ahlukene e-annealing ingabanjwa ngangokunokwenzeka.Emikhiqizo enokwakheka okufanayo kwamakhemikhali, ugqinsi nokwakheka okuhlukene, lapho ifakwa esithandweni somlilo esifanayo, izinga lokushisa lomgodi kufanele linqunywe ngokuya ngemikhiqizo enogqinsi oluncane lodonga ukuze kugwenywe ukuwohloka kwemikhiqizo enezindonga ezincane ngesikhathi sokushiswa, kodwa ukushisisa kanye isivinini sokupholisa sizonqunywa ngokuvumelana nemikhiqizo enobukhulu obukhulu bodonga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo yodonga oluwugqinsi ngeke iqhekeke ngenxa yokucindezeleka okushisayo.Ukuhlehliswa kwengilazi ye-borosilicate Ngemikhiqizo ye-glassware ye-Pengsilicate, ingilazi ijwayele ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa le-annealing.Ngemva kokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, isakhiwo sengilazi siyashintsha futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuyashintsha, njengempahla yokushisa yamakhemikhali iyancipha.Ukuze ugweme lesi simo, izinga lokushisa le-annealing lemikhiqizo yengilazi ye-borosilicate kufanele ilawulwe ngokuqinile.Ikakhulukazi ingilazi enokuqukethwe kwe-boron ephezulu, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha isisu akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu futhi isikhathi sokukhipha akumele sibe side kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhishwa okuphindaphindiwe kufanele kugwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka.Izinga lokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba lokuhushula okuphindaphindiwe libucayi kakhulu.
Kukhona esinye isinyathelo sokukhiqiza amabhodlela engilazi.Ikhwalithi yamabhodlela engilazi kufanele ihlolwe ngokuvumelana nezinyathelo ezilandelayo.Izidingo zekhwalithi: amabhodlela engilazi nezimbiza kufanele zibe nokusebenza okuthile futhi zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile zekhwalithi.
Ikhwalithi yengilazi: ehlanzekile futhi elinganayo, ngaphandle kwesihlabathi, imivimbo, amabhamuza nokunye ukukhubazeka.Ingilazi engenambala inokucaca okuphezulu;Umbala wengilazi enombala ufana futhi uzinzile, futhi ungakwazi ukumunca amandla okukhanya obude obuthile.
Izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali: Inokuqina okuthile kwamakhemikhali futhi ayisabelani nokuqukethwe.Inokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okuthile namandla emishini, ingamelana nezinqubo zokushisisa nokupholisa ezifana nokugeza nokuvala inzalo, futhi ingamelana nokugcwalisa, ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa, futhi ingahlala injalo uma kwenzeka kuba nokucindezeleka okuvamile kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukudlidliza kanye nomthelela.
Ikhwalithi yokubumba: gcina umthamo othile, isisindo kanye nokuma, ngisho nokuqina kodonga, umlomo obushelelezi futhi oyisicaba ukuze uqinisekise ukugcwaliswa okulula nokubekwa uphawu okuhle.Awekho amaphutha afana nokuhlanekezela, ukuhwaqazeka kwendawo, ukungalingani nokuqhekeka.
Uma uhlangabezana nezidingo ezingenhla, siyakuhalalisela.Ukhiqize ngempumelelo ibhodlela lengilazi eliqeqeshiwe.Yifake ekuthengisweni kwakho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-27-2022Enye Ibhulogi
